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International evidence shows that housing assistance provides positive non-shelter benefits through affecting affordability, tenure type, security of tenure, location and dwelling quality, but key gaps remain in the Australian evidence base. This project systematically reviews the evidence on the non-shelter effects of housing assistance measures in Australia. Key examples of non-shelter impacts are participation in the labour market and in education and training institutions, individual mental and physical health states and social cohesion. Housing assistance measures can also affect the distribution of income and wealth in society, the sense of control and security that households have as a result of their housing circumstances, and standards of living. How assistance is provided (through direct or indirect provision of financial or in-kind support) also interacts with other support services that may be provided to those with multiple needs. This project developed a conceptual and theoretical framework to map the linkages between housing assistance measures and non-shelter outcomes in Australia. http://www.ahuri.edu.au/publications/projects/p80188/