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A comparison measurement approach whereby a household’s income is ranked against the distribution of all household income in Australia. The approach divides Australia’s households (i.e. not population) into five equal groups or quintiles, each comprising 20 per cent of the number of all households, based on their income. The income quintiles assessment leads to the recognition of the following categories:

• very low income households – 0% to 20% of income earners
• low income households – 20% to 40% of income earners
• moderate income households – 40% to 60% of income earners
• high income households – 60% to 80% of income earners
• very high income households – highest 20% of income earners.

A regular payment from government that helps individuals and households with living costs. Income support includes the Age Pension, Austudy, Carer Payment, Disability Support Pension, JobSeeker Payment, Parenting Payment, Special Benefit, Farm Household Allowance, Youth Allowance, Partner Allowance, Widow Allowance, Service Pension and Veteran Payment

Used for computed Commonwealth Rent Assistance, an income unit is one person or a group of related persons within a household, whose command over income is shared, or any person living in a non-private dwelling who is in receipt of personal income.

Government policies and programs that, whilst not directly focussed on housing supply or demand, do impact on the housing system (e.g. tax policies that exempt housing from certain taxes, such as home ownership is exempted from the capital gains tax).

Also see direct housing assistance

An urban planning term describing the development of higher-density housing within established urban areas. Typically, infill involves increasing residential densities in previously occupied with low- to medium-density housing or vacant land. In Australia, infill targets have been set for housing in all capital cities in an attempt to direct population and investment closer to employment and commercial centres and transport nodes.

See income support

See income support

There is no formal definition of who is a key worker, however common policy focus has been on teachers, healthcare workers, police and fire and emergency personnel. More recently the key worker concept has expanded to include workers who support the broader labour force, e.g. child care and aged care workers and ICT support professionals and technicians, as well as low paid workers contributing to local economies, such those working in hospitality, retail or transport. The terms ‘essential worker’ and ‘frontline service provider’ often have the same meaning.

Land rights refers to legislation in Australia that enabled Indigenous people to claim land rights for country where traditional ownership can be proven. Land rights are rights created by the federal, state or territory governments. Land rights usually consist of a grant of freehold or perpetual lease title to Indigenous Australians. In December 1976 the federal parliament passed the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act. It was the first legislation in Australia that enabled Indigenous people to claim land rights for country where traditional ownership could be proven.

Suitable land that is available for development. Typical uses for land include agricultural use, residential use, industrial use and infrastructure use. Land supply can be fixed, limited, or is sometimes uninhabitable leading to a shortage of suitable supply.